Baking oven



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R. BYRON BAKING OVEN Filed July 27, 1934 llllll lllll lwl .Ildlllll ll'llllll ll May 28, 1935.

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K HHG ww May 28, 1935. R. BYRON BAKING OVEN Filed July 27, 1954 R. BYRON BAKING OVEN May 28, 1935.

Filed July 27, 1934' 4 sheets-sheet 3 ATTORNEY R,BYRON BAKING OVEN May 28, 1935.

Filed July 27, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN ENTOR psa-.cd M., 28, 1935 I 2,002,916

UNITED STATES PATENT 'OFFICE BAKlNG OVEN Ralph Byron, New York, N. Y., assignor to ,1.0. Ross Engineering Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation oi.' New York Application July 27, 1934, Serial No. 737,233

11 Claims. (Cl. 10T-55) This invention relates to a baking oven. oven and said chambers further provide a bal- The use of a direct ilame in a baking oven or ance or relief of the heating medium pressure the circulation of superheated steam or hot gases whereby uniform pressure is maintained throughin radiating tubes as a heating medium has been out the baking oven.

5 .generally customary in ovens for baking breads, A further object of the invention is to control 5 biscuits, etc. the temperatures in the various zones automati- In the baking of foodstuffs, it is frequently cally both above and below the material by the desirable to brown the surface of the proc'act amount of heating medium that is added to the which may be accomplished by three forms of recirculated heating medium.

l heating such as by conduction, by radiation, or A still further object is to control independl0 by convection such as the contact of the products ently the heating medium admitted above the of combustion in an oven with the material being material being baked from that admitted below baked. In addition to the necessity of providing the material being baked and independently conone or more of the three forms of heat, temperatrolling the temperatures in the several zones.

l ture control must be had. Some products require Still another object of the invention is to in- 15 an even temperature, others high initial and low crease the efllciency and decrease the operating final temperature, still others a lowinitial and costs while at the Sametime furnishing a Ibetter high final temperature. product.v It may therefore be desirable to provide a Referring to the drawings:

lzone system in the' oven so that particular por- Figure l is a view in elevation ofthe lefthand 20v tions of the ovenv can be separately controlled portion of a baking oven embodying the prinas to temperature. Also it may be desirable to ciples of my invention.

control the heat transfer which may take place Figure 1a is a view in elevation of the right either vby conduction, convection or radiation hand portion of a baking-oven embodying tlie o r by combinations of the three with a control principles of my invention. 25

of the relative proportions of heat transfer of r Figure 2 is a plan view of Figure 1. any of the three forms and of the relative pro- Figure 2a is a plan View of Figure la.

portion of each. By controlling the proportions Figure 3 iS a CI'OSS Stinal View 0f Figure 1 of heat transfer through ,the various-means', diflrggvsthe Ime 3 3110019118111 the direction 0f the f 'lnisgu ggvmbgbdpggg tel 'agg'- Figure- 4 is a sectional view of Figure la along 30 i In aldition to the problem of adapting an oven' the line 4, 4, looking in the direction of the arows. i for the bakmg of a wide variety of foodstuffs there r is the problem of economy of operation and inrgidagygenollgrgggot, ge ntf stallation as well as the problem of conserving ulated b heat insulatm material 3 and an im space. The problem of economies of operation y g is accomplished to a great extent by having vzones bg;:tgla'goglegonnlssitla in the oven and by the recirculation of as large t al 1 d 1 t d y us s Bet us an yamount of the heating medium as possible. em pane eh mis a' e Wa' t .'Ween Wi' 40 Economies of installation are accomplished by s' Itpolvlge bea'xeredllllmddclss s1, ggfs i 40 standardized unit A sectional construction and ma' er a' o e e a u o .A material to be heated. An endless carrier 8 is lclgngcflitibgh: lllpucity of passes of carried in any well known manner. Carrier 8 One of the objects'of this invention is to promay be two endless chains with pans pivota'uy 4 supported whereby the pans may operate in pen- 4 a 5' glserb'unlfgevhntepgggrtngeg dulum fashion when carried around the sprockets 5 9 and l0 at the ends to make the passes. Obglglaoglfeheat and convected heat viously, any method wherein the pan is main- Another object of this invention is to rech-cula, tained without dumping the contents'can be used.

v a part of the heating medium. The lheating system and circulatory system will 50 A further object of the invention is to reduce 110W be describedthe heating medium circulatory ducts to a min- 'I'he heater l I, I preferably place on top of oven imum and to surround the baking oven by cham- I for economy of space and to reduce losses from bers of spent heating medium which chambers long leads. 'I'his heater Il may be of any well serve to reduce the radiation from the baking knowntype of combustion chamber andlheat in- 55 The recirculated heating medium and the fresh heating medium are caused to circulate by blower I2. Opening I3 admits fresh air to the mixing chamber I4. 'Ihe heating medium is then conducted through conduit I5 being forced by blower I2 through the heater II, and out through conduit I3 which leads into the top of oven I wherein a chamber or header I1 is formed. At predetermined parts of the oven I provide a series of blowers I8, I9, 2l, and 2|. These blowers can be driven each by' a separate motor or in series of threes. For instance, blowers I9 are driven by motor 22, blowers I3 by motor 23, blowers 2II by motor 24, blowers 2I by motor 25. The arrangement shown enables controlling the heating medium either to the top or bottom or both as desired in the particular section or station. Each station consists of a circulating fan I8 and inlet mixing box 29 a supply conduit 21, a return conduit 23 and a hot air control conduit 29. Blower I3 or I9, 2l, 2I forces the heating medium through conduit 21 into ducts 1,v or 1', where the heating medium passes through oriilces 30 onto the material being baked. It then returns through theopening 3I in panel 3 into duct 28 which leads into mixing box 2l where it again enters the blower for recirculation. During this circuit the temperature of the heating medium drops which effects the control bulb 32' which actuates a damper motor 33, opening damper 34 and permitting the high temperature heating medium in duct I1 to pass through duct 29 into the mixing box 23 in order to bring the circulating heating medium to the proper temperature. Control bulb 32 continuously actuates to open or close damper 34 to maintain the predetermined temperature of heating medium emitted from duct 1. SimilarLv blower I9 functions to emit below the material being baked the circulating heating medium in the same manner as previously described. Each blower and mixing chamber therefore supplies and forms a separate station whereby a zone control may be had in the oven.

'I'he excess circulating air passes from the oven chamber-35 through openings 36 into chambers l -and is withdrawn from chambers 5 through conduit 31 by blower I2 through mixing chamber I4, this cycle being continuously repeated.

Aside from controlling the zone temperatures which is essential for the proper baking, the control of the radiant heat transfer, convective heat transfer and conductive heat transfer are accomplished as follows:

'Ihe proportion of radiant heat transfer is dependent upon the temperature of the duct containing the circulating medium. 'I'he convective heat is proportional to the temperature, volume, and velocity of the heating medium directed against the material being baked.

The volume is controlled by controlling the speed of the blowers and the velocity by the size of the orifices and the speed of the blowers. 'I'he oriilces 3I| may be varied as to size but in carrying out my invention'I have only shown the variation of the speed of the blower. control of the various dempers at the diiferent stations controls the temperature variations. 'I'he control by conduction I accomplish by a novel The thermostatic method which consists in an auxiliary circulating heating medium system to provide a preliminary heatingvof the pans whereby they are brought to the proper temperature so that when the products to be baked are insertedin the pans the required heat transfer by conduction takes place. Certain products require vimmediate heating by conductionv in order for the proper chemical and physical changes to take place' whileother foodstuffs do'not require this immediate heating by 10 conduction. I have therefore provided the separate system so that when not required it can be shut down. v

The operation of this system is as follows:

Heating medium is taken from chamber l l5 through duct 39 into mixing box 39 passing through blower 4II from whence it passes through conduit 4I down to the preheating chamber 42. The air is discharged horizontally into chamber 42 blowing towards the opposite end of the preheat 26 zone. The temperature of heating medium in duct 4I is controlled by the bulb 43 which actuates the automaticdamper 44 controlling the volume of high temperature heating 'medium passing from duct I1 into mixing box 39. In such cases 25 where the temperature required in duct 4I is below the temperature of circulating medium coming from chamber i cold fresh air is permitted to entery the mixing box 39 through fresh air intake ,45. The heating medium passing through 30 x chamber V42 to the opposite end'of the oven and countercurrently to the direction of travel of the entering pans passes through duct 46 into fan 41 from whence it is discharged to atmos-` phere. .In such cases where fan is not operated 35 the opening from chamber 42 into duct 46 is manually closed by damper 49 and a connection from chamber 5 into 'duct 49 is manually opened by damper 49. The purpose of exhausting some of `the circulating heating medium is to prevent 4o the buildingnp of excess pressures and to remove the excess moisture from the circulatingiheatv ing medium by exhausting predetermined amounts to the atmosphere.

. It should be noted by my invention that the u se of 'recirculated heating medium reaches the maximum that can be so used with any particular product since the amount that is exhausted is the minimum for the product and can be separately controlled particularly as chambersf form 50 a relief for the oven chamber proper.

What I claim is:- 1. In a baking oven, an oven chamber in combination with a source of heating medium supply,

a duct lengthwise of the oven to receive the hot heating medium, individual units comprising a blower, mixing chamber and ducts communicating with said hot heating medium duct and with said oven, ducts above and below said material being baked, a controlled mixture of hot fresh heating medium and recirculated gases withdrawn from the oven supplied to said ducts,

orifices in said ducts, means for supplying said ducts with said mixture at a plurality of points.

3. In a baking oven. means for passing the material to be baked a plurality of times through said oven, ducts above and below said material beingbakedacontrolledmixtureofhotfreshu heating medium and recirculated gases withdrawn from the oven supplied to said ducts, orinces in said ducts, means for supplying said ducts with said mixture at a plurality of points, and means for controlling the temperature of the mixture supplied at each point.

4. In a baking oven, a baking chamber, a source of heating medium directed above and below the material being baked, means for controlling the radiant heat transfer, the convective heat transfer and the conducted heat transfer independently of each other.

5. Ina baking oven, an oven chamber, means for conducting material to be baked through said chamber, means for preheating the baking pans to control the conductive heat transfer, said means comprising a passageway for the carrier for the baking material, means for directing a current of heating medium through said passageway while controlling the temperature of said heating medium preliminary to the insertion of the product to be baked, a duct containing the circulating heating medium, means for controlling the radiant heat transfer by controlling the temperature of said duct containing the circulating heating medium, and means for controlling the convective heat transfer by separate means controlling the temperature, volume and velocity of the heating medium directed against the material being baked.

6. In a baking oven, a baking chamber, means for passing the material to be baked a plurality of times lengthwise of the chamber, lateral chambers communicating with said baking chamber, a duct for fresh hot heating medium lengthwise of said oven, means for furnishing hot heating medium to said duct, a plurality of additional means adapted to withdraw from said baking chambers and from said duct a mixture of hot heating medium and recirculated gas and deliver same onto the medium to be heated.

7. In a baking oven, a baking chamber, means for passing the material to be baked a plurality of times lengthwise of the chamber, lateral chambers communicating with said baking chamber, a duct for fresh hot heating medium lengthwise of said oven, means for furnishing hot heating medium to said duct, a plurality of additional means adapted to withdraw from said baking chamber and from said duct a mixture of hot heating medium and recirculated gas and deliver same onto the medium to be heated, and means for controlling the proportions of said mixture of hot heating medium and recirculated gas prior to each delivery into said-baking oven.

8. In a baking oven,za baking chamber, means for y'passing the material to be baked a plurality of times lengthwise of the chamber, lateral chambers communicating with said baking chamber, a duct for fresh hot heating medium lengthwise of said oven, means for furnishing hot heating medium to said duct, a plurality of additional means adapted to withdraw from said baking chamber and from said duct a mixture of hot heating medium and .recirculated gas and deliver same onto the medium to be heated, means for controlling the proportions of said mixture at each station, and means for withdrawing gases from said oven to prevent excess pressures within said oven.

9. In a baking oven, an oven chamber, an endless carrier having a plurality of passes within said chamber and one pass .exteriorally of'said chamber, means for heating said carrier in said exterior pass, chambers on each side of said oven chamber for the relief of pressure in said oven chamber and to permit recirculation of the gases from said oven and reheating of same, means for controlling the temperature and quantity of heating medium directed against the products, and means for directing and supplying heatin medium against said products.

10. In a baking oven, an oven chamber, lateral chambers on each side of said oven chamber, ex-

ternal walls for said lateral chambers. heating medium ducts above and below the material to be heated, an endless carrier having a plurality of passes within said oven, a heater for said oven, a blower, a chamber, said lateral chambers communicating with said oven, means for withdrawing spent heated gases from said lateral chambers to said mixing chamber, a duct lengthwise of the heater, conduits from said mixing chamber to said duct, a fresh air inlet to said mixing chamber, a damper in said inlet, a pluralityof blowers stationed along said oven and exteriorally thereof, mixing boxes' for said blowers, conduits from said duct containing the heating medium to said mixing boxes and from said baking chambers to said mixing boxes, conduits from said mixing boxes to ducts above and below the material being baked, dampers within said conduits, thermostatic controls for said dampers, and means for operating said blowers at predetermined controlled speeds.

11. In a baking oven, an oven chamber, lateral chambers on each side of said oven chamber, external walls for said lateral chambers, heating medium ducts above and below the material to be heated," an endless carrier having a plurality of passes within said oven, a heater for said oven, a blower, a mixing chamber, said lateral chambers communicating with said oven, means for withdrawing spent heated gases from said lateral chambers to said mixing chamber, a fresh air inlet to said mixing chamber, a damper in said inlet, a blower connected to said mixing chamber, conduits from said blower to said heater, a duct lengthwise of the oven, a plurality of blowers stationed along said oven and exteriorly thereof, mixing boxes for said blowers, conduits from said duct containing the heating medium to said mixing boxes and from said baking chamber to said mixing boxes, conduits from said mixing boxes to said blower inlets, conduits from said blower outlets to ducts above and below the material being baked, dampers in the -ducts leading from the heating medium duct into the mixing box, thermostatic controls for said dampers, means for operating said blowers at predetermined controlled speeds, and means for preheating the endless carrier and pans for the material to be heated.

RALPH BYRON. 

